Globe Countries Cities Dispatches World's Best Events Get the App
Tbilisi at golden hour: Narikala Fortress and its church above the terracotta old town, the Mtkvari river and bath domes beyond
Georgia  ·  41.69°N 44.80°E

What Georgia Keeps in the Ground

Written by Meridian Dispatch  ·  28 June 2026

The easiest hard-to-reach country in the world, at a fork in its own story. Tbilisi on foot: bathhouse domes and carved balconies, amber wine out of a clay pot, and a place that keeps what matters underground.


You can stay in Georgia for a year without a visa. That is the kind of fact that marks a country either very sure of itself or very much wanting the company, and a week in Tbilisi does not settle which. Few visitors could find it on a map. It sits where Europe gives out, under the Caucasus, Russia above it and Turkey and Armenia and Azerbaijan around it, and it has spent three thousand years being argued over by everyone bigger. That much is plain from the first walk. Tbilisi will not be filed. It is not quite Europe and not quite Asia and not trying to be either.

The old town rewards the early hour, walked not long after dawn, before the coach parties, which is the only sensible way to see it. Inside an hour it delivers an Orthodox church, a mosque, a synagogue and a sulphur bathhouse, its brick dome breaking the pavement like a knuckle. Go down into one as it opens, while the attendant is still sweeping the night off the steps and the sulphur hangs in the empty room. The bathhouses are the oldest thing here; the city's founding story starts at these hot springs, and a soak still costs about the price of a coffee. Persian tiles on one façade, Art Nouveau ironwork on the next, a slab of Soviet concrete behind both, then a sheet of glass the government put up to look modern. None of it matches. All of it is Tbilisi.

A weathered old-town house in Tbilisi with carved wooden balconies and laundry hung out to dry
The old town, carved balconies and the day's laundry

The wine turns up before anyone goes looking for it. In a basement bar near Freedom Square, the pour arrives the colour of weak tea: amber wine, white grapes left to sit on their skins in a clay pot buried in the floor, the way Georgians have done it for eight thousand years. They have the oldest winemaking on earth and they keep it, literally, in the ground. That turns out to be the national habit with anything that matters. When the Soviets wanted big sweet factory wine, the villages went on making the real thing in cellars where no inspector looked. When Russia banned Georgian wine in 2006 to punish the country for facing west, Georgia lost most of its market overnight, shrugged, and went looking for new drinkers elsewhere.

Large egg-shaped terracotta qvevri, the clay vessels Georgian wine ferments in, below a painted old-town wall
Qvevri: the clay vessels Georgia sinks to the neck and keeps its wine in

Stay a while and the pattern shows everywhere. Georgia has its own alphabet, one of only a handful on the planet, a looping script related to nothing else. Its language is a loner too, cousin to no major tongue. It was among the first countries anywhere to take up Christianity, seventeen centuries ago, and stayed Christian while the map around it turned Muslim. Its singing is so old and so strange that NASA put a Georgian song on the Voyager record, and it is out past the planets now, still going. None of this is museum stuff here. It is how a small country at a crossroads has kept being itself while empire after empire walked through.

A brick sulphur-bath dome and the blue-tiled facade of the Orbeliani bathhouse in Abanotubani, Tbilisi
Abanotubani, where the city began: a brick bath dome and the tiled Orbeliani facade behind it

The place explains itself best at a table. The supra, the Georgian feast, can run five hours. A man at the head, the tamada, stands before every glass and makes a toast, real ones, to peace, to the dead, to the people who could not be there, and the table drinks to each in turn. Somewhere in the middle a few of the men begin to sing, those close old harmonies, with nobody asking them to. It is a country telling you, plainly and over wine, exactly who it intends to remain.

A spread of traditional Georgian dishes on a wooden table, a supra feast
A supra: khachapuri, khinkali, and more than anyone can finish

Go now, while it is this easy and this cheap and this little known. Walk the old town at first light, boil in a bathhouse before the crowd arrives, drink the amber wine out of the ground, and say yes if anyone asks you to a table. Georgia will not tell you whether it is Europe or Asia, because it has never much cared to decide. What it guards instead is older than that question: whatever the country turns to face next, the part that counts is already buried somewhere safe, in a clay pot, in the dark, where it has always been.

← All dispatches
Places on record

Places around Tbilisi

  1. Thermal Bath
    Abanotubani
    Thermal Bath

    Abanotubani

    Domed brick roofs at ground level mark the sulphur bathhouses built over hot springs in the gorge below Narikala. Private rooms are rented by the hour and most include a scrub from an attendant, arranged at the desk on arrival. The smell carries down the street, and some baths are men only or women only on set days.

  2. Bridge
    Bridge of Peace
    Bridge

    Bridge of Peace

    Glass and steel curve over the Kura between Rike Park and the old town, lit after dark by a programmed pattern of diodes. The crossing takes a couple of minutes and is the quickest link between the cathedral side and the bath quarter. Reaction to it has been divided since it opened, which is part of the interest.

  3. Monument
    Chronicle of Georgia
    Monument

    Chronicle of Georgia

    Sixteen black columns carved with kings, queens and scenes from the life of Christ stand on a hill above the Tbilisi Sea, north of the centre. Zurab Tsereteli began the monument in the 1980s and it was never finished, which is why the plinths and paving remain raw. Getting there needs a taxi or a long walk uphill from the metro.

  4. Cathedral
    Holy Trinity Cathedral
    Cathedral

    Holy Trinity Cathedral

    Sameba, finished in 2004, rises on Elia Hill across the river and is visible from much of the city. Its scale is modern Georgian Orthodox architecture at full stretch, a gold dome above a granite mass, with a wide terrace and a lower church beneath. Shoulders and knees are covered at the door, where headscarves wait in a basket.

  5. Monastery
    Jvari Monastery
    Monastery

    Jvari Monastery

    Perched on the ridge above the Aragvi confluence, the sixth century church gave later Georgian architecture its cross-domed plan and looks straight down on Mtskheta. Little remains inside beyond bare stone and a carved facade, so the visit itself is short. Wind on the outcrop is constant, and the road up is a separate drive from the town.

  6. Old Town
    Old Tbilisi
    Old Town

    Old Tbilisi

    Balconied houses on carved wooden props lean over lanes between Freedom Square and the Botanical Garden, with a mosque, a synagogue and Armenian and Georgian churches inside a few hundred metres. Restoration has been uneven, so a polished facade often backs onto a courtyard still held up by scaffolding. Mornings are quiet before the tour groups reach Shardeni Street.

  7. Market
    Map of Dry Bridge Market
    Market

    Dry Bridge Market

    Sellers lay out Soviet badges, porcelain, cameras, silverware and old records on tables and blankets beside the Mtkvari, much of it cleared from family flats. Bargaining is expected and nothing carries a fixed label. Trading runs daily in fair weather and thins out in rain, with the fullest tables on weekend mornings.

  8. Museum
    Map of Georgian National Museum
    Museum

    Georgian National Museum

    Gold from Colchis burials, some of it worked in the second millennium BC, fills the archaeological treasury in the basement of the Rustaveli Avenue building. Upstairs, the Museum of Soviet Occupation covers the annexation of 1921 and the repressions that followed. Allow half a day for both, and note that the treasury closes earlier than the main galleries.

  9. Park
    Map of Mtatsminda Park
    Park

    Mtatsminda Park

    A funicular climbs the ridge above the city to a small amusement park, a ferris wheel and a restaurant terrace with the valley laid out below. The ride up is part of the appeal, and the lower station sits at the top of Chonkadze Street. Evening is when the view works best, though queues build at weekends.

  10. Fortress
    Map of Narikala Fortress
    Fortress

    Narikala Fortress

    Walls have held the ridge above Old Tbilisi since the fourth century, rebuilt by Persians, Arabs and Georgians in turn and left part ruin, part restored church. A cable car climbs from Rike Park, and the walk back down through the sulphur baths quarter takes about twenty minutes. Footing on the upper ramparts is loose, and the site has no railings in places.

Explore

More of Georgia

Town guide

Tbilisi

The sulphur baths, the Bridge of Peace and the Dry Bridge Market.

Town guide

Stepantsminda

Gergeti Trinity Church, Juta and the Georgian Military Road.

Meridian Dispatch for iPhone

Plan the trip.
Keep the journal.

Every other travel app asks you to start logging. Meridian Dispatch opens with years of your travel already written, from the photographs you already took.